A 12 volt relay is a crucial component used in various electrical systems, from automotive applications to industrial machinery. With the ability to control high-power devices using low-power control signals, a 12V relay serves as an essential link between low-voltage circuits and high-voltage equipment. This article explores the working principle, applications, types, and key considerations when using a 12 volt relay in different systems.
What is a 12 Volt Relay? A relay is an electrically operated switch that allows the opening or closing of contacts to control the flow of current in a circuit. In the case of a 12 volt relay, it operates on 12V DC (direct current) to activate or deactivate its switching mechanism. The key components of a relay include an electromagnet, a movable armature, and a set of contacts (commonly either normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC)). When a 12V current is supplied to the coil of the relay, it generates a magnetic field that causes the armature to move, either closing or opening the contacts, depending on the relay’s configuration. This allows a low-voltage control circuit to switch a high-voltage circuit, enabling control over devices like motors, lights, or other heavy electrical equipment.