The 12V relay is a versatile and crucial component in both automotive and electronic applications. This electromechanical device acts as a switch that allows a low-power signal to control a high-power circuit efficiently. By utilizing electromagnetic principles, a 12V relay offers both safety and convenience in managing electrical loads. In this article, we will delve into the functionality, various applications, and advantages of using 12V relays.
Functionality of a 12V Relay At its core, a relay comprises a coil, an armature (or movable contact), and one or more sets of contacts. The coil is wrapped around a core, and when a voltage is applied—typically 12 volts in this case—a magnetic field is generated. This magnetic field attracts the armature, which is mechanically linked to the contacts. Depending on the design： Normally Open (NO) Contacts： These contacts are open when the relay is not energized. When the relay is activated with a 12V signal, the NO contacts close, allowing current to flow through the load circuit. Normally Closed (NC) Contacts： These contacts are closed when the relay is unpowered. When the relay is energized, the contacts open, interrupting current flow.