Electromechanical relays (EMRs) are one of the most commonly used electrical components in various fields of electronics and electrical engineering. These versatile devices function as electrically operated switches, controlling the flow of electricity in different circuits. Despite the rise of solid-state alternatives, electromechanical relays remain an essential component in many applications due to their reliability, simplicity, and effectiveness. This article provides a comprehensive understanding of electromechanical relays, covering their working principles, types, advantages, and common applications.
Working Principle of Electromechanical Relays At the core of the electromechanical relay lies a simple concept： the interaction between electricity and magnetism. When an electric current flows through a coil of wire, it generates a magnetic field around it. This magnetic field attracts a metal armature, which, in turn, moves to either close or open a set of contacts. These contacts are used to control the current flow in another circuit, acting as a switch. The mechanism behind the relay’s operation can be summarized as follows： Coil Activation： When a small electrical current passes through the coil, it generates a magnetic field.